Biography
Biography: Amani Saad
Abstract
Periorbital hyperpigmentation (POH), also known as dark circles, is a common complaint amongst men and women, young and elderly worldwide. However, only a few reports refer to this condition in a comprehensive and sufficient way. It is quite devastating to know that only 65 cited articles to date are indexed on PubMed journals compared to 150,000,000 results on Google search engine. POH is caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors. The etiology of POH is multifactorial with genetic or hereditary factors, post-inflammatory pigmentation secondary to atopic or contact dermatitis, excessive pigmentation, excessive periorbital vascularity and edema being common causative factors. Classification is very important in order to treat POH. It is important to make good diagnosis and to classify the nature of POH because different types of POH respond to different types of treatment modalities. Though, a combination of approaches is still the best to do in some complicated cases. Although more scientific research is needed, many treatment options are available and are considered to be relatively efficacious. Local de-pigmenting agents like Kojic acid, azeliac acid hydroquinone, non HQ bleaching agents and retinoic acid preparations are used with minimal effects. Periorbital skin resurfacing techniques are used successfully to rejuvenate the extremely delicate skin in this area. Chemical peelings, lasers, radiofrequency, hyaluronic acid filler injections, autologous fat transplantation and surgery are other treatment options used in the treatment of POH. In this research, we'll focus on the causes of periocular hyperpigmentation and the newest and most effective treatment methods available according to recent studies.